Cardiac Calcium Score Test
Cardiac calcium score also known as coronary artery calcium score is a unique diagnostic test to detect the incidence of coronary artery disease at an early stage. It also helps determine advanced stages of heart disease. This diagnostic test is recommended to determine the presence of calcium in the coronary artery. Coronary calcium score helps in prophylactic strategies such as administration of antiplatelet therapy and cholesterol control methods respectively. Plaque is formed because of the deposition of fat in the coronary arteries. This plaque eventually get calcified leading to a condition called atherosclerosis.
Cardiac calcium score determination is based on comparison of profiles belonging to the same sex, age group and risk factor and history pertaining to coronary heart disease. The comparative parameters of the cardiac calcium scores are used to analyze the effects of the disease in relation to age and other risk factors.
Preparation for the cardiac calcium score test (CAC)
Cardiac calcium score is done by administering computer tomography technique. The procedure is non-invasive and detects the presence, location and level of calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. The patient is advised to reduce caffeine intake at least a few days prior to the test. Pregnant women are not advised to undergo this procedure.
The scores obtained are graded from 0 - 400. The patients having a CAC score of 1- 100 have mild evidence of coronary artery disease. Patients having a score of more than 100 are at moderate risk of cardiac disease and the patients having a score over 400 are at a greater risk of cardiac disease. Calcium
Vital for building strong bones and teeth, calcium deficiency, also known as Hypocalcaemia, refers to situation when a person has insufficient levels of calcium in the blood. Not only is calcium essential for maintaining the overall health of bones and teeth, but it is also needed in other parts of the body such as the nerves and muscles. Insufficiency of calcium occurs due to poor diet, inadequate Vitamin D consumption and increasing age. Symptoms of calcium deficiency include muscle cramps, fragile bones and teeth, pale complexion and listlessness. Osteoporosis is also caused due to calcium deficiency. Foods rich in calcium include milk, dairy foods, dark green leafy vegetables and soy products.
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypoparthyroidism is a medical condition that occurs due to insufficient levels of parathyroid hormone. Hyperparathyroidism can lead to abnormal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. The blood levels of calcium dip and the levels of phosphorus rise. Hypoparathyroidism can occur due to injury to the parathyroid glands. Underdevelopment of parathyroid glands at birth, radiation therapy or other medical conditions can lead to hypoparathyroidism. The congenital absence of the parathyroid glands leads to a disease known as DiGeorge syndrome.
A patient suffering from hypoparathyroidism may notice tingling in the arms and feet and muscle spasms.
The skin and hair becomes dry and the nails become brittle. Hypoparathyroidism can bring on convulsions or cataract. There may be dental complications and painful menstruation. Children suffering from hypoparothyroidism suffer from vomiting and headaches. There may be improper development of the teeth. The patient is likely to suffer from fungal infections. Persons suffering from hypoparathyroidism may suffer from cardiac arrhythmia.
Blood tests are conducted to measure the levels of parathyroid hormone. X-rays and CT scans will reveal any bone abnormalities due to insufficient calcium. Calcium injections or Vitamin D tablets can provide relief to a person suffering from hypoparathyroidism. A diet rich in calcium and low in magnesium is suggested.
Bibliography / Reference
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